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A state-owned enterprise in India is called a public sector undertaking – PSU or a public sector enterprise. In a PSU company, most shares, 51% or more, are owned by the central or state government. Central public sector enterprises are administered by the ministry of heavy industries and public enterprises.
It Includes all the Maharatna companies, Navratna companies, and Miniratna companies.
In 1951, there were just 5 enterprises in the public sector in India, but in March 2019, this had increased to 348.
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The PSU companies in India are categorized as;
- Maharatna
- Miniratna
- Miniratna Category-I
- Miniratna Category-II
Maharatna
Eligibility: Three years with an average annual net profit of over Rs. 2500 crore, OR Average annual Net worth of Rs. 10,000 crore for 3 years, OR Average annual Turnover of Rs. 20,000 crore for 3 years (against Rs 25,000 crore prescribed earlier)
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Benefitsfor investment: Rs. 1,000 crore – Rs. 5,000 crore, or free to decide on investments up to 15% of their net worth in a project.
Navratna
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Eligibility: A score of 60 (out of 100), based on six parameters which include net profit, net worth, total workforce cost, the total cost of production, cost of services, PBDIT (Profit Before Depreciation, Interest, and Taxes), capital employed, etc., AND A company must first be a Miniratna and have 4 independent directors on its board before it can be made a Navratna.
Benefits for investment: up to Rs. 1,000 crore or 15% of their net worth on a single project or 30% of their net worth in the whole year (not exceeding Rs. 1,000 crores).
Miniratna Category-I
Eligibility: Have made profits continuously for the last three years or earned a net profit of Rs. 30 crores or more in one of the three years
Benefits for investment: up to Rs. 500 crore or equal to their net worth, whichever is lower.
Miniratna Category-II
Eligibility: Have made profits continuously for the last three years and should have a positive net worth.
Benefits for investment: up to Rs. 300 crore or up to 50% of their net worth, whichever is lower.
List of Maharatnas PSU Companies
- NTPC Limited (NTPC)
- Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC)
- Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)
- Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL)
- Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL)
- Coal India Limited (CIL)
- GAIL India Limited (GAIL)
- Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL)
- Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (POWERGRID)
- Power Finance Corporation
- Rural Electrification Corporation Limited
- Oil India Limited
List of Navratnas PSU Companies
I . Bharat Electronics Limited
2. Container Corporation of India Limited
3. Engineers India Limited
4. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
5. Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited
6. National Aluminium Company Limited
7. National Buildings Construction Corporation Limited
8. Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited
9- NMDC t.imited
10. Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited
I l. Shipping Corporation of India Limited
12. Rail Vikas Nigam Limited
13. ONGC Videsh Ltd
14. Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited
15. IRCON International Limited
16. RITES Limited
List of Miniratna-I PSU Companies
I . Airports Aurhority of India
2. Antrix Corporation Limited
3. Balmer Lawrie & Co. Limited
4. Bharat Coking Coal Limited
5. Bharat Dynamics Limited
6. BEML Limited
7. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
8. Braithwaite & Company Limired
9. Bridge & Roof Company (lndia) Limited
10. Central Warehousing Corporation
I l. Central Coalfields Limited
12. Central Mine Planning & Design Instirute Limited
13. Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited
14. Cochin Shipyard Limited
I 5. Cotton Corporation of India Ltd.
16. EdCIL (lndia) Limited
17. Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited
18. Goa Shipyard Limited
19. Hindustan Copper Limited
20. Hindustan Steelworks Construction Limited
21. HLL Lifecare Limited
22. Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited
23. Housing & Urban Development Corporation Limited
24. HSCC (lndia) Limited
25. India Tourism Development Corporation Limited
26. Indian Rare Earths Limited
27 . Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation Limited
28. Indian Railway Finance Corporation Limited
29. Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited
30. India Trade Promotion Organization
3l. KIOCL Limited
32. Mazagaon Dock Shipbuilders Limited
33. Mahanadi Coalfields Limited
34. MOIL Limited
35. Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemical Limited
36. Mineral Exploration Corporation Limited
37. Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited
38. MMTC Limited
39. MSTC Limited
40. National Fertilizers Limited
41. National Projects Construction Corporation Limited
42. National Small Industries Corporation Limited
43. National Seeds Corporation
44. NHPC Limited
45. Northem Coalfields Limited
46. North Eastem Electric Power Corporation Limited
47. Numaligarh Refinery Limited
48. Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited
49. Projects & Development India Limited
50. Railtel Corporation of India Limited
51. SJVN Limited
52. Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited
53. South Eastem Coalfields Limited
54. Telecommunications Consultants India Limited
55. THDC India Limited
56. Westem Coalfields Limited
57. WAPCOS Limited
List of Miniratna-II -PSU Companies
I . Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation of India
2. Bharat Pumps & Compressors Limited
3. Broadcast Engineering Consultants India Limited
4. Engineering Projects (India) Limited
5. FCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India Limited
6. Ferro Scrap Nigam Limited
7. HMT (lnternational) Limited
8. Indian Medicines & Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited
9. MECON Limited
10. National Film Development Corporation Limited
11 . Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited
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